Hello friends welcome to Sonu live ,in this article I’m going to tell you about PORTUGUESE AND DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY
It was a royal monopoly and a joints stock company reached India in year 1498 Vasco Da Gama reached Calicut through Cape of Good Hope.
Vasco da Gama became the first European to successfully sale from Europe to India directly opening the sea route for other Europeans to establish trade.
He reached India via rounding the cape of good hope. He landed at Calicut in May 1498 where he was led by a Gujarati pilot Abdul Majid upon reaching a Calicut . Vasco da Gama was given a grand reception by a local Hindu king Samuthrin (Zamorin) during his three months long stay in India.
He gathered exotic Indian spices including paper and the other goods like Silk, gems,precious metal and rare Herbs. He sold these things at a huge profit after returning back to Portugal his second visit was in year 1502. And this time his intention was to build factory and increase the flow of trade through it.
Factories established by them
Francisco De Almeida established a factory first factory at Calicut.
Early factories were at Cochin, Quilon, and Cannanore.
EARLY HEADQUARTERS
Cochin later they shifted to Goa during the time of Nino Da Luna.
Factories in the eastern coast of India
Chittagaon (Bangladesh), Satagaon (West Bengal), Bandel and Hughli
Factories in the Western Coast
Mangalore, Bassien (Maharastra), Bhatkal (Karnataka), Due (Gujrat), Surat (Gujrat) and Cambay
Items of trade
Spices(Paper), Ivory products, Elephants, Textile, Indigo, Slave and horse
Important Governors
Francisco De Almeida
Francisco De Almeida was the first real Portuguese Governor and was responsible for the establishment of Portuguese empire in India he began to consolidate Portuguese interest in India by building force around the settlement at coachin, Cannanore (fort Saint Angelo),F.S Miguel (Angediva) with headquarter at Cochin. They gave the Blue Water policy (the policy to master or strengthen the Portuguese controlon Indian subcontinent. They believed that instead of building factories and forts on land, they should emphasize becoming powerful at sea. So that they can check the Arab traders along with other European rival companies.
Alfonso de Albuquerque
He is often regarded as the most important governor of Portuguese under his Portuguese standard their position under his governorship Portuguese made three bases (Hormuz,Malabar and malacca).
The cartrez system was introduced by him so that Monopoly over Indian ocean can be established.
Cartaz system was a system of granting license or pass through which Portuguese forced all the merchant ship to buy license on passing through their terrorist otherwise their ships and goods will be confused.
He encouraged his countrymen to look at India as home and marry Indian women and spread Christianity. He also acquired Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur in 1510 .Goa became the capital of Portuguese.
Abolition of sati pratha in territories under his administration was also an important development.
Contribution of Portuguese
Cultivation of tobacco, potato ,tomato ,chillies, pineapple, and first printing press by them in Goa in year 1515.
First scientific work in Indian medicinal plant.
With the arrival of Portuguese, there was an emergence of naval power in India.
Portuguese began to propagate Christianity in Malabar and Konkan coast. Missionaries like Saint Francis Xavier father and Moncordate. They all played a significant role in spreading Christianity in India.
Factors for the decline of Portuguese in India
Their agenda of splitting Christianity successor of Albuquerque was very weak and efficient .Portuguese society was dominated by aristocracy, and merchants did not enjoy social influence.
Portuguese officials were neglected by home government their salaries were law which encourage them to get indulge into corruption and malpractice.
Another reason was that Portuguese were intolerant and fanatic in matters of marriage their resulted in the forceful conversion of the Christian faith.
Portuguese declined because of tough competition they got from the other European power who came to India.
Dutch East India Company
Dutch came to India in year 1600 to it was not a royal Monopoly but a chartered and joint stock company first attempt of this company was to settle Coromandel Coast(Tamil Nadu).First factory was developed at Masulipatnam(Andhra Pradesh) in 16
They issued gold coins depicting the image of Lord Venkateswara Vishnu at Pullicut and established mints at Cochin, Masulipatnam, Nagapatnam, Pondicherry
Factories:-
Masulipatnam, Pullicut, Surat, Chinsura (W.B),Kasim Bazar(W.B),Balasor (Odisha), Patna, Nagapatnam, Cochin.
Headquarters:-
Pullicut, Nagapatnam (T.N),Cochin
Dutch replaced Portuguese Monopoly in Spice trade and established headquarter at coaching Dutch where defeated by British in the battle of Bedara in 1759 does sold all their settlement to British and finally they were out of Indian trade in year 1825
Items of Trade:
Textile, Saltpita (where gun powder was manufactured), spices, Indigo, Rice, Opium
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